Introduction
When running a server, it is essential to ensure that only the necessary ports are open for security reasons. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Nginx as a reverse proxy to allow access to your application running on port 5000 through the standard HTTP port 80.
Setting up a Server for Deploying a MERN App
Deploying a MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) app can be a bit challenging, especially when it comes to server setup and configuration. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up a server for deploying your MERN app.
Choosing the Right Hosting Provider
Before diving into the setup process, it is crucial to select a reliable hosting provider. For this tutorial, we will be using Linode, a popular cloud hosting provider. However, you can use any hosting provider that offers Linux Ubuntu containers. Whether you choose Linode or another provider, the setup process will remain the same.
Getting Started with Server Setup
Once you have chosen your hosting provider and set up your account, it’s time to start with the server setup process. We will begin by creating a new server and setting up SSH keys for secure remote access to the server. Additionally, we will create a user for managing the server and securely transfer files using Git.
Configuring Nginx
Nginx is a powerful web server that will help us manage incoming HTTP requests and serve our MERN app. In this step, we will configure Nginx to proxy requests to our Node.js app running on the server. This setup allows us to handle multiple requests efficiently and ensure a smooth user experience.
Setting up a Process Manager
To ensure the continuous and reliable functioning of our Node.js app, it is essential to set up a process manager. A process manager will monitor our app and automatically restart it in case of crashes or failures. In this section, we will set up a popular process manager, such as PM2, to keep our app running smoothly.
Setting up a Server
Setting up a server is the first step in deploying an application. There are various options available, but for this tutorial, we will be using Linode with the Ubuntu distribution. However, you can choose any other server provider if you prefer. Once you have chosen your server, follow the provider’s instructions to set it up properly.
Generating SSH Keys
SSH keys provide secure authentication for logging into your server. To generate SSH keys, you will need to access your client machine. Use the command line to generate the keys by typing the appropriate commands. Once the keys are generated, you will need to add the public key to your server. This allows for passwordless login using SSH keys instead of a password.
Creating a New User
For security reasons, it is recommended not to use the root user for everyday tasks. Instead, create a new user specifically for your server. This can be done using the appropriate command line commands. Creating a new user will provide an additional layer of security.
Deploying the Application
In this article, we will be deploying the Goal Setter app that was previously built in the MERN series. However, you can choose to deploy any other application if you prefer. To deploy the chosen application, we will be using Git to transfer the necessary files onto the server. Make sure you have the application’s source code available and follow the provided steps to clone the repository onto your server.
Installing Dependencies
Most applications have dependencies that need to be installed for them to run properly. Once the application files are on the server, navigate to the project’s directory and install the required dependencies using the appropriate package manager. This step ensures that all the necessary libraries and tools are available for the application to function correctly.
Setting up a MongoDB Database
If your application requires a database, like the Goal Setter app, you will need to set up a MongoDB database. We will be using Atlas, a cloud-based MongoDB service, for a quick and easy setup. Follow the steps provided by Atlas to create a new database and obtain the connection details. These details will be necessary for your application to establish a connection to the database.
Setting up PM2 Process Manager
To manage the running of your application, it is recommended to use a process manager. In this case, we will be using PM2, a popular Node.js process manager. By utilizing PM2, you can ensure that your application runs continuously and automatically restarts if any errors occur. Follow the steps to install and set up PM2 correctly.
Deploying an application involves several essential steps. Setting up a server, generating SSH keys, creating a new user, deploying the application, installing dependencies, setting up a MongoDB database, and configuring a process manager are all crucial components of successful deployment. By following the steps outlined in this article, you will be able to deploy your chosen application onto your server efficiently and securely.
Setting up a Server and Firewall
To begin with, we need to set up our server and configure a firewall. This will ensure that only the necessary ports are open and secure our system. We will be using port 5000 for running our application. Additionally, we need to allow access to ports such as http, https, and ssh. This can be done by setting up a firewall that blocks any other ports except the required ones.
Configuring the Nginx Server
Once the server and firewall are set up, we can move on to configuring the Nginx server. Nginx is a popular web server software capable of handling high loads and acting as a reverse proxy. In our case, we will be setting up a proxy so that our application can be accessed through port 80, which is typically used for HTTP traffic. This step allows us to access our application more conveniently.
Adding a Domain through Linode
In addition to setting up the server and configuring the Nginx server, we can also add a domain through Linode. This will make it easier to access our application using a domain name, rather than directly through the IP address. Adding a domain can vary depending on the service or platform you are using, but I will briefly discuss how to do it with Linode. You can refer to the description for the link to Linode’s website.
Supplementing with the Gist and Tutorial Repository
To assist you throughout this process, I have created a gist containing all the commands and steps that will be covered in the video. You can find the link in the description. This gist can be used as a supplement to the video, providing a handy reference for the commands and their usage. Additionally, you can also refer to the tutorial repository, which contains a practical application – the Goal Setter app – that we will be deploying. Along with that, we will need a MongoDB database, and I will guide you through setting up an Atlas database later on.
Regardless of the specific services or platforms you choose to use, the above steps will provide a general outline for setting up a server, configuring a firewall, and deploying an application. Remember to adapt accordingly to suit your specific needs, and feel free to refer to the supplementary resources provided. Let’s get started!
How to Create a New Linux Server on Com Traversie
If you’re looking to create a new Linux server, Com Traversie is a great platform to consider. Not only does it offer a variety of distros to choose from, but it also provides a credit of a hundred dollars for new users. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the process of creating a new Linux server on Com Traversie, step by step.
Logging In and Accessing the Dashboard
To get started, log in to your Com Traversie account. Once logged in, you will be directed to the dashboard. Here, you will find all the necessary tools and features to manage your servers. Take a moment to familiarize yourself with the layout and options available.
Creating a New Linux Server
In the dashboard, you will see a list of nodes, which are essentially Linux servers. To create a new server, click on the “Create New” button. A selection of different distros will be presented to you. Choose the one you are most comfortable with, such as Ubuntu.
Specifying Server Details
After selecting the distro, you will need to specify additional details for your server. Start by selecting the region closest to your location. This helps ensure optimal performance and reduced latency. Next, choose the package you want to use. If you’re just starting out, the dedicated 4 GB package should suffice.
Adding a Label and Password
To make it easier to identify your server, add a label. In this case, let’s give it a label of “youtube-dash-linux”. Additionally, set a root password for your server. Make sure to choose a strong password to enhance security and protect your server from unauthorized access.
Setting Up SSH Keys
While setting a root password is sufficient, it is recommended to set up SSH keys for added security. This step is optional but highly recommended. SSH keys provide a more secure authentication method compared to passwords. If you’re unfamiliar with SSH keys, don’t worry. We will guide you through the process of setting it up.
By following these steps, you can easily create a new Linux server on Com Traversie. Take advantage of the hundred-dollar credit and explore the platform with peace of mind. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, Com Traversie offers a user-friendly interface and reliable services to meet your server needs.
How to Generate an SSH Key on Your Windows PC
Locating the SSH Key Storage
When creating an SSH key for your Windows PC, it is important to know where the keys are stored. By default, the keys are typically found in your home directory, regardless of whether you are using a Mac or Windows operating system. These keys are stored in a hidden folder called “.ssh”. To locate the folder, open a terminal and navigate to your home directory. Then, list out the contents of the directory by typing “ls” and look for the “.ssh” folder.
Generating the SSH Key
To generate a new SSH key, open the terminal and run the command “ssh-keygen”. This command will ask you to specify the location and name of the key file. By default, the key file is saved in the user’s folder under “.ssh” and is named “id_rsa”. However, you may choose to change the default settings. To do so, specify the desired path and file name in the command. For example, you can use the command “ssh-keygen -f /users/yourusername/.ssh/id_rsa_lenode” to save the key as “id_rsa_lenode” in the specified directory.
Optional Passphrase
After running the “ssh-keygen” command, you have the option to set a passphrase for your SSH key. A passphrase adds an extra layer of security and protects your key from unauthorized access. If you choose to set a passphrase, you will be prompted to enter it. However, if you prefer not to use a passphrase, simply press “Enter” when prompted and continue.
By following these steps, you can generate an SSH key for your Windows PC. Remember to store your private key securely and never share it with anyone. The public key, on the other hand, can be shared with the necessary parties to establish secure key-based authentication. With your SSH key set up, you can now securely connect to remote servers or services using the generated key.
Setting Up SSH on Your Mac Pro
When it comes to securely accessing your remote servers or virtual private networks (VPNs), SSH (Secure Shell) is the go-to protocol. In this article, we will walk you through the steps of setting up SSH on your Mac Pro, allowing you to easily connect to your servers and perform administrative tasks.
Generating SSH Keys
To begin, let’s generate the SSH keys that will be used for authentication. Open the Terminal application on your Mac Pro and navigate to your home directory by typing the command “cd ~.” Once you are in your home directory, access the SSH folder by typing “cd .ssh.” If the folder does not exist, you can create it by typing “mkdir .ssh.”
Now, let’s generate the keys by running the command “ssh-keygen -t rsa.” This will prompt you to enter a file in which to save the key. Press enter to save the key in the default location. You will then be prompted to enter a passphrase. This is an optional security measure, but it is highly recommended to provide one. Enter your desired passphrase and press enter.
Adding the Public Key to Your Server
Now that you have generated your SSH keys, it’s time to add the public key to your server. First, let’s locate the public key by running the command “ls” in the SSH folder. You should see two files – the private key and the public key (which has a “.pub” extension). We will be using the public key for this step.
To view the contents of the public key, use the “cat” command followed by the file path. In this case, it will be “cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa_lenode.pub.” The public key will start with “ssh-rsa” and we need to copy everything from that point onwards.
Now, log in to your server and navigate to the directory where your authorized keys are stored. This is typically the “~/.ssh” directory of your remote server. Open the “authorized_keys” file using a text editor and paste the contents of your public key at the end of the file. Save the changes and exit the text editor.
Testing the SSH Connection
With the public key added to your server, let’s test the SSH connection to ensure everything is set up correctly. In the Terminal application on your Mac Pro, type the command “ssh [username]@[server_ip],” replacing [username] with your server username and [server_ip] with the IP address of your server. Press enter and if everything is configured properly, you should be asked to enter your passphrase (if you set one) and subsequently logged in to your server.
Congratulations! You have successfully set up SSH on your Mac Pro. Now you can securely connect to your server and perform administrative tasks with ease.
The Benefits of Secure Shell (SSH) Key Authentication
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol that allows secure communication between two devices. Its primary purpose is to enable remote login and command execution on a computer over an unsecured network. One of the most important features of SSH is the ability to authenticate users using public-key cryptography. In this article, we will explore the benefits of using SSH key authentication instead of relying on passwords.
Enhanced Security
One of the main advantages of SSH key authentication is enhanced security. Unlike passwords, which can be easily guessed or cracked, SSH keys provide a more robust authentication method. SSH keys consist of a pair of cryptographic keys: a public key and a private key. The private key is stored securely on the user’s computer, while the public key is placed on the server. The server verifies the client’s authenticity by comparing the client’s public key with the corresponding private key stored on the server. This ensures that only authorized users can access the system.
Elimination of Passwords
By using SSH key authentication, you can eliminate the need for passwords altogether. This is particularly useful in environments with multiple servers and numerous users. With SSH keys, there is no need to remember or distribute passwords. Instead, users only need to possess their private key, which can be securely stored on their devices. This not only simplifies the login process but also reduces the risk of password-related vulnerabilities, such as password reuse or brute-force attacks.
Added Convenience
In addition to enhanced security, SSH key authentication offers added convenience. Once you have set up SSH key authentication, logging in to a remote server becomes effortless. Instead of typing in your password every time you connect to a server, you can simply use your private key to authenticate. This saves time and eliminates the potential for password typos or forgotten passwords. Additionally, SSH key authentication can be easily automated, allowing for seamless integration with scripts or other automation tools.
Steps for Setting Up SSH Key Authentication
Setting up SSH key authentication is a straightforward process. First, you need to generate a key pair on your local machine using an SSH key generation tool, such as ssh-keygen. Once the key pair is generated, you need to copy the public key to the remote server. This can be done using the ssh-copy-id command or by manually adding the public key to the server’s authorized_keys file. , you can configure your SSH client to use the private key for authentication. Detailed instructions for setting up SSH key authentication can be found in the documentation of your specific SSH client or server.
Upgrading Packages
In order to enhance the security of a server, it is advisable to disable password authentication. This restrains access to the server only from authorized clients. One of the initial steps towards achieving this is upgrading the packages on the server. Since we are logged in as root, there is no need to use the “sudo” command. Instead, we can use the aptitude package manager which is commonly used in Debian and Ubuntu systems. By running “apt update”, we can update the list of available packages and determine how many of them can be upgraded.
Updating Packages
After running “apt update”, the system will inform us about the number of packages that can be upgraded. In this case, it shows that 48 packages can be upgraded. To proceed with the upgrade, we use the command “apt upgrade” and confirm by typing “yes”. The upgrade process may take a few minutes to complete. It is advisable to pause the video or wait until the upgrade is finished before proceeding to the next step.
Creating a New User
Now that the package upgrade is complete, it is recommended to create a new user for improved security. Currently, we are logged in as root, as indicated by the “root@localhost” prompt. However, it is best practice to create a separate user for regular usage. This helps in preventing unauthorized access to sensitive system files and reduces the impact of potential security breaches.
Adding a User and Setting a Password
When creating a new user on a system, it is important to choose a username that is relevant and easy to remember. To add a user, simply use the “adduser” command followed by the desired username. For example, if we want to create a user named “brad,” we would enter “adduser brad” in the command line. The system will then prompt you to enter a password for the new user. It is recommended to choose a strong password to ensure security.
Granting Root Privileges
By default, newly created users do not have root privileges, which means they cannot perform administrative tasks on the system. However, if you want a user to have the ability to run commands with root privileges, you can add them to the “sudo” group. This can be done using the “usermod” command. In the command line, enter “usermod -aG sudo username” where “username” is the name of the user you want to grant root privileges to. For instance, to add “brad” to the sudo group, the command would be “usermod -aG sudo brad.” After running this command, the user will be able to use the sudo command to execute administrative tasks.
Adding SSH Keys for User Login
To log in as a specific user using SSH keys, you need to add the public key for that user. Typically, when setting up SSH keys, you add the keys for the root user. However, for each new user you create, you will need to add their respective public keys as well. Each user has a directory in the home directory, so first, navigate to the user’s directory using the “cd” command. For example, “cd /home/brad” will take you to the home directory of the user named “brad.” Once in the user’s directory, create a new directory called “.ssh.” This folder should have the correct permissions set using the “chmod” command, with 700 being the recommended permission setting. Inside this “.ssh” folder, you can then add the user’s public key using the “authorized_keys” file.
Creating the Directory
To start, we need to create a directory. Let’s call it “dot ssh”. This directory will hold our authorized keys file. To create the directory, we can use the command “mkdir dot ssh”.
Creating the Authorized Keys File
Once we have the “dot ssh” directory, we need to create the authorized keys file inside it. In Linux, we can use the “touch” command to create a file. Let’s create the file by running the command “touch authorized_keys” inside the “dot ssh” directory.
Editing the Authorized Keys File
Now that we have the authorized keys file, we need to edit it and add our public key. We can use a text editor called nano for this task. To open the file in nano, we can run the command “nano authorized_keys” in the terminal.
Getting the Public Key
Before we can add the public key to the authorized keys file, we need to retrieve it. Open a new terminal window and use the “cat” command to get the public key. Assuming your local machine is your current location, run the command “cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa_lenode.pub”.
Pasting the Public Key
After running the command to retrieve the public key, it will be displayed in the terminal. Copy the key correctly from beginning to end. Now, go back to the terminal where the authorized keys file is open and paste the public key into it.
Saving and Exiting
Once you have pasted the public key into the authorized keys file, you need to save and exit the file. In nano, you can do this by pressing “Ctrl + X”, then confirm the save by typing “Y” and hitting enter.
By following these steps, you have successfully created the directory, created the authorized keys file, added the public key to the file, and saved it. Your public key is now ready to be used for SSH authentication.
The Importance of Disabling Password Login for Enhanced Security
In today’s digital age, ensuring the security of your online accounts and systems is of utmost importance. One effective measure to strengthen security is by disabling password login. In this article, we will discuss the significance of disabling password login and provide a step-by-step guide on how to implement this security measure.
Why Disable Password Login?
By disabling password login, you eliminate the risk associated with weak passwords or the possibility of passwords being compromised. Passwords can be easily guessed or obtained through various means, such as phishing attacks or brute-force methods. Disabling password login provides an additional layer of protection against unauthorized access.
Editing the Configuration File
To disable password login, you need to make changes to a specific configuration file. Follow the steps below:
Open the terminal or command prompt.
Type the command sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config and press Enter.
Navigate to the line that says PasswordAuthentication.
Change the value from yes to no.
Optionally, you can also modify the PermitRootLogin line to restrict root login, if desired.
Save the changes by pressing Ctrl + X, then Y, and Enter.
Restarting the SSHD Service
To apply the changes, you need to restart the SSHD service. Here’s how:
Type the command sudo systemctl restart sshd and press Enter.
Logging in with SSH Keys
After disabling password login, it’s essential to log in using SSH keys for secure access. Follow these steps:
Log out of the server if you are currently logged in.
On your local machine, open the terminal or command prompt.
Type the command ssh username@server_ip_address, replacing username with your new user’s name and server_ip_address with the IP address of your server.
When prompted, enter the passphrase for your SSH key.
If you encounter a “permission denied” error, make sure you have correctly followed the steps and the SSH keys are properly set up.
By disabling password login and implementing SSH keys, you significantly enhance the security of your server or system. Remember to choose strong and unique passphrases for your SSH keys to further safeguard against unauthorized access. Stay proactive in protecting your digital assets and enjoy a more secure online experience.
Installing Node.js on a Linux Server
One of the first steps to deploying our files onto a Linux server is ensuring that Node.js is properly installed. Unlike installing on Windows or Mac, the process on a Linux server is slightly different due to the absence of a graphical user interface (GUI).
Starting the SSH Agent and Adding the Node Key
To begin, we need to run two commands: one to start up the SSH agent and another to add the node key to that SSH agent. Using the command `eval $(ssh-agent -s)`, we initiate the SSH agent and receive a process in return. Although not crucial to our task, it is important to note this response.
Next, we execute the command `ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa_lenode` to add the private key from our home directory (.ssh) to the SSH agent. This action ensures that when we attempt to log in with the “brad” user, we won’t be prompted for a password.
Logging In to the Server
Now that the SSH agent is set up and the node key is added, we can log in to the server without the need for a password. Upon successful login, we are greeted with a prompt that displays our username (“brad”) and the hostname (“localhost”). This hostname is pre-configured but can be changed if desired.
Preparing to Deploy Files
With secure SSH access to the server as the “brad” user (or any other user we specified during the process), we can now focus on deploying our files. However, before proceeding, it’s important to ensure that Node.js is installed on the server.
If we run the command `node -v` and receive a “command not found” error, it indicates that Node.js is not pre-installed. While there are server images available with pre-installed dependencies like Node.js, starting from scratch allows for a more tailored setup.
Installing Node.js
To install Node.js on the Linux server, we follow these steps:
1. Update the package manager by running the command `sudo apt update`.
2. Install Node.js by executing `sudo apt install nodejs`.
3. Verify the installation by running `node -v` again. This time, the output should display the node version without any errors.
Now that Node.js is successfully installed, we are ready to proceed with deploying our files onto the server. This installation process ensures compatibility and allows us to leverage the power of Node.js for our deployment needs.
Installing Node.js and npm using Terminal
Installing Node.js and npm on your system can be done easily through the terminal. By following a few simple commands, you’ll have the latest version up and running in no time. This article will guide you through the installation process step by step.
Finding the Curl Command
To begin, we need to find the correct curl command that corresponds to your system. Start by searching for “node.js installation Debian” or the operating system you are using. This search will lead you to the official Node.js website, where you can find binary distributions for different platforms.
Copying the Command
Once you’ve found the appropriate distribution, navigate to the installation instructions. In this readme file, you will see various commands for different versions of Node.js. Copy the curl command for the latest version, as this is the one you want to install.
Pasting the Command in Terminal
Open your terminal and paste the copied curl command. You may be prompted to enter your user password, so make sure you input the correct one. It’s important to note that you should use your new user password and not the root password for this step.
Using apt to Install Node.js
After successfully running the curl command, you can now proceed to install Node.js using apt. In the terminal, enter the command “sudo apt install -y nodejs”. This command will install both Node.js and npm, which is the package manager for Node.js modules.
Finalizing the Installation
During the installation process, you may be presented with a few prompts. Simply press enter twice to proceed. Once the installation is complete, you can verify that Node.js and npm have been installed correctly.
Verifying the Installation
To check if Node.js is installed, run the command “node -v” in the terminal. This will display the version of Node.js installed on your system. Similarly, to check the version of npm, use the command “npm -v”.
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Node.js and npm on your system. You are now ready to start building and running Node.js applications. Happy coding!
How to Deploy a Goal Setter App Using Git
Deploying an app can be an exciting and fulfilling process. In this tutorial, we will guide you through the steps of deploying a goal setter app using Git. By following these instructions, you will be able to easily clone the app repository, set up the necessary dependencies, and get your app up and running in no time. Let’s get started!
Cloning the App Repository
The first step in deploying the goal setter app is to clone the app repository using Git. Before proceeding, make sure that Git is already installed on your system. You can check this by running the command “git version” in your terminal. If Git is installed, you should see the version information displayed.
Now, navigate to the code section of the app repository and find the clone URL. If you have set up your SSH key on the server for GitHub, you can use the SSH URL. However, if you prefer to use HTTPS, copy the HTTPS URL.
Next, determine the directory where you want to place the app on your server. For example, you can create a new directory called “sites” in your home directory. Use the command “mkdir sites” to create the directory and then navigate into it using “cd sites”.
Once you are inside the “sites” directory, run the command “git clone” followed by the URL you copied earlier. This will clone the app repository onto your server. After the cloning process is complete, you can use the “ls” command to verify that the app folder now exists in your “sites” directory.
Setting Up Dependencies
Now that you have cloned the app repository, you need to set up the necessary dependencies to run the app. Since this is a MERN stack app, a MongoDB database is required.
Open the project and follow the steps provided to set up the app. One important step is to rename the “env.example” file to “.env” and add your MongoDB URI. This will connect your app to the MongoDB database and allow it to function properly.
Make sure to carefully follow all the instructions provided in the project documentation to ensure a successful setup. Once you have completed the setup process, you are ready to deploy your goal setter app!
The Easiest Way to Create a MongoDB Database Using MongoDB Atlas
Creating a MongoDB database can be a simple task when using MongoDB Atlas. This cloud-based platform allows you to easily create and manage MongoDB databases. In this article, we will guide you through the process of creating a database using MongoDB Atlas.
Creating an Account on MongoDB.com
If you do not have an account on MongoDB.com, you will need to create one to get started. Simply go to MongoDB.com and follow the registration process to create your account. Once you have completed the registration, log in using your credentials.
Setting Up Your Organization and Project
After logging in, MongoDB Atlas may prompt you to create an organization and a project. If you already have an organization and a project, you can skip this step. Otherwise, follow the instructions to create an organization and project. For example, you can name your project “Traversing Media”.
Creating a Database
Once your project is set up, you can proceed to create a database. On the MongoDB Atlas dashboard, locate the option to create a database and click on it. Since we are using a shared account, this process is absolutely free. Choose the default options such as leaving AWS as the provider and “Cluster 0” as the name. , click on “Create Cluster” to proceed.
Adding a User
Next, you will need to add a user to your database. Specify a username, such as “brad1234”, and choose a password. Click on “Create User” to add the user. If the username already exists, you will need to create a new user with a different username.
Configuring Access to the Database
The last step is to specify the access settings for your database. Since we are using a server in a cloud environment, we need to configure the IP access list. Click on “Configure” under the IP access list section. Obtain the IP address of your server and enter it into the specified field. This will ensure that your server has the necessary access to the database.
By following these simple steps, you can easily create a MongoDB database using MongoDB Atlas. This cloud-based solution simplifies the process of setting up and managing databases, allowing you to focus on developing your applications.
How to Setup and Connect to a Database in Atlas
If you are looking to set up and connect to a database in Atlas, follow these simple steps:
Step 1: Let Atlas Know Your IP Address
In order to use the database from your IP address, you need to inform Atlas. Simply add a comment in the designated section to let them know it’s okay.
Step 2: Adding Entries
If you want to add an entry to the database, you need to make sure you are working from your local environment. You may need to add your current IP address in this case. However, it is not mandatory for everyone.
Step 3: Setting up the Database
After completing the necessary steps, navigate to the “Databases” section. Look for an animated border, which indicates that the setup process is ongoing. This may take a couple of minutes, so be patient.
Step 4: Browsing Collections
Once the setup is done, click on “Browse Collections” to see any existing data in your database. Since there won’t be any initially, you can choose to add your own data.
Step 5: Creating a Database
If you wish to create a database with a specific name, select “Add my own data.” Give your database a name, such as “Goal Setter,” and specify a collection name if desired.
Step 6: Connecting to Your Application
After creating the database, go back to the overview and click on “Connect.” Copy the provided connection string as you will need it to connect to your application.
By following these six simple steps, you can easily set up and connect to a database in Atlas. Ensure a smooth and efficient workflow for your projects.
Exploring the Necessary Changes in a Configuration File
Now, there’s a couple of things that we need to change in a configuration file. So, let’s go through the process step by step.
Opening the Configuration File
First, open up a new Sublime Text or any other text editor. It doesn’t really matter which one you choose. Once you have opened the file, paste the code into it.
Modifying the Password
In the code, you will find a placeholder called “password.” Change this placeholder to your actual password.
Selecting a Name
After the forward slash, you need to choose a name. By default, the name is set to “tests.” If you wish to use a different name, replace “tests” with your preferred name. For instance, let’s consider the name “goal setter” in this example.
Copying the Modified Code
Now that you have made the necessary changes, copy the modified code. Save the file and close the text editor.
Adding the Configuration File to the .env File
According to the readme file in GitHub, the next step is to add the modified configuration file to the .env file. However, the .env file is hidden and needs to be renamed.
Renaming the .env File
To rename the .env file, use the “mv” command. Open the terminal and type in the following command:
Mv dot.env.example .env
Now, when you use the “ls -a” command, you will be able to see the newly renamed .env file.
Editing the .env File
To edit the .env file, use the “sudo nano .env” command. This will open the file in the nano editor. Here, you can make additional changes as required.
Remember, the changes you make in the .env file are crucial for the proper functioning of the configuration.
By following these simple steps, you can easily modify and configure your settings to suit your needs.
The Importance of Production Environment in Software Development
When it comes to software development, the production environment plays a crucial role in ensuring the success of a project. It is essential to have a well-configured and optimized production environment to deliver a high-quality product to end-users. Let us delve deeper into why the production environment is so critical in software development.
What is a Production Environment?
The production environment refers to the real-world setting where the software is deployed and used by actual users. It is a controlled and stable environment that replicates the end-user environment as closely as possible. The production environment is distinct from the development and testing environments, which are used by software engineers during the development process.
Key Benefits of a Production Environment
Now, let’s explore the benefits of having a well-managed production environment in software development:
1. Reliability and Stability
In a production environment, the software undergoes rigorous testing and optimization to ensure stability and reliability. It is essential to identify and fix any bugs or issues before deployment to guarantee a smooth user experience.
2. Scalability
A production environment should be designed to handle increasing workloads and user traffic. By properly configuring the environment and utilizing scalable infrastructure, software developers can accommodate a growing user base without compromising performance.
3. Security
Security is of utmost importance in a production environment. By implementing robust security measures, such as encryption, firewalls, and access controls, software developers can protect sensitive user data and ensure the integrity of the system.
4. Performance Optimization
Through performance monitoring and optimization techniques, a production environment can be fine-tuned to deliver optimal performance. This includes optimizing database queries, minimizing response times, and improving overall system efficiency.
5. Continuous Integration and Deployment
With a well-structured production environment, software development teams can implement continuous integration and deployment practices. This allows for frequent updates and releases, ensuring that the software stays up-to-date and meets the evolving needs of users.
Setting Up the Production Environment
Setting up a production environment involves several steps, including:
1. Infrastructure Configuration
Configuring the infrastructure involves selecting the appropriate hosting provider, setting up servers, and establishing the necessary network connectivity. It is essential to choose a reliable hosting provider that offers the necessary resources and support for your software application.
2. Deployment Strategy
Determining the deployment strategy is crucial for a smooth transition to the production environment. This involves deciding whether to follow a manual deployment process or utilizing automated deployment tools such as CI/CD pipelines.
3. Monitoring and Logging
Implementing monitoring and logging solutions allows for real-time analysis of the production environment. This helps identify any performance issues, errors, or security breaches, enabling quick remediation and continuous improvement.
4. Disaster Recovery Plan
Having a well-defined disaster recovery plan is vital to mitigate the impact of any potential failures or data breaches. This includes regular backups, redundant systems, and
Optimizing Production Build for React Apps
When it comes to deploying a React application to a production environment, optimizing the build is a crucial step. In this article, we will explore some ways to optimize the production build of a React app for better performance and user experience.
Building the Assets
Before we dive into the optimization techniques, let’s understand the process of building the assets for production. In order to use the built assets, we need to run the command ‘npm run build’ from the frontend directory. This will create a ‘build’ folder in the frontend, which contains the optimized files.
Server Configuration
To make our production build accessible to users, we need to configure the server to look for the ‘build’ folder. This can be done by pointing the server to the relevant folder location.
Automatic Optimization
There are several ways to automate the optimization process. While the basic setup we have discussed here is a good starting point, you can explore more advanced techniques as you become more comfortable. Automating the optimization process can save time and effort in the long run.
Pushing to Production
Once all the optimizations are in place, deploying updates becomes a breeze. Simply push the changes to your repository and deploy to production. This ensures that the latest optimized build is available for your users.
Running the React App
If you want to test the React app locally, you can navigate to the root directory of your app and run ‘npm start’ command. This will start the app on port 5000. To access it, simply copy the IP address and paste it into your browser.
By following these optimization techniques, you can significantly improve the performance and user experience of your React app in the production environment. Remember, optimization is an ongoing process, so keep exploring new techniques and best practices to stay ahead in the game.
The Importance of Port 80 in Running Applications
The Issues with Port 5000 and Potential Solutions
Introducing PM2: A Pro Process Manager for Applications
How to Set Up PM2 and Start the Application
Enabling the Firewall
Before proceeding with the installation and configuration of Nginx, it is crucial to enable the firewall to restrict access to only essential ports such as 80, 443, and 22 (HTTP, HTTPS, and SSH respectively). On Linux systems like Ubuntu, you can use the built-in Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) for this purpose. To enable UFW, simply run the command:
Sudo ufw enable
This command will activate the firewall and prompt you for confirmation. Once the firewall is active, all ports will be closed, including port 5000 where your application is currently running.
Opening Required Ports
To open the necessary ports, we can use the UFW command followed by either the port number or the name of the service running on that port. To allow SSH access, run:
Sudo ufw allow ssh
This command will add a rule to open port 22. Similarly, to allow HTTP and HTTPS access, run:
Sudo ufw allow http
Sudo ufw allow https
Now that the required ports are open, we can proceed with the installation of Nginx, which will act as our web server and reverse proxy.
Installing Nginx
To install Nginx, run the following command:
Sudo apt install nginx
After executing the command, you will be prompted to confirm the installation. Press ‘Yes’ and hit ‘Enter’ to proceed. The installation process may take a few moments, depending on your internet connection.
Once Nginx is installed, it will automatically start running. You can verify its status by running:
Sudo systemctl status nginx
If Nginx is running correctly, you should see a message indicating that the service is active.
Configuring Nginx as a Reverse Proxy
Now that Nginx is installed, we need to configure it as a reverse proxy to forward incoming HTTP requests from port 80 to our application running on port 5000.
To configure the reverse proxy, open the Nginx configuration file located at ‘/etc/nginx/sites-available/default’ using a text editor. Find the ‘server’ block and replace the existing configuration with the following:
Server {
Listen 80;
Location / {
Proxy_pass ;
Proxy_set_header Host $host;
Configuring nginx for your website
Once you have successfully installed nginx on your server, you will need to configure it in order to serve your website correctly. This involves making changes to a specific file, so let’s get started with the process.
Editing the nginx configuration file
To begin the configuration process, open your terminal and run the command sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default. This will open the default configuration file for nginx.
Locating the server block
Within the configuration file, you will find a section called the server block. This block is enclosed within curly braces and typically contains information about the server and its settings. Locate this section in the file.
Setting the server name
In order to configure your website domain, you will need to specify the server name within the server block. For example, if your domain is “app002”, you would set the server name as “app002.dev”. Make sure to include the www version of your domain as well.
Modifying the location block
The location block within the server block controls the routing of requests to the appropriate location within your server. Remove any existing content within this block to start fresh.
Next, refer to a reference file or gist that provides the necessary configuration settings for your specific website. This file should contain a proxy pass directive pointing to the localhost and the port where your application is running.
Pasting the configuration settings
Copy the relevant configuration settings from the reference file or gist. These settings typically consist of the proxy pass directive and additional parameters required for proxying requests to your application.
Paste the copied settings inside the location block of your nginx configuration file. Ensure that the settings are placed between the curly braces to keep them within the scope of the location block.
Save the changes to the configuration file and exit the editor. You can do this by pressing Ctrl + X, followed by Y to confirm the saving of the file.
With the nginx configuration now updated, you can restart the nginx service for the changes to take effect. Run the command sudo service nginx restart to restart the service.
Congratulations! Your nginx server is now configured to serve your website using the specified domain and routing requests correctly. Test your website by visiting your domain in a web browser to ensure everything is working as expected.
Deploying an Application with Nginx
Checking the Configuration
To ensure that the Nginx configuration is correct before restarting it, you can use the command “nginx -t”. This command will test the syntax and provide a summary. If the configuration is okay, you can proceed to the next step.
Restarting Nginx
To restart Nginx, you can use the command “sudo service nginx restart”. This will stop and start the Nginx service, applying any changes made to the configuration. By restarting Nginx, you ensure that the changes take effect.
Verifying the Deployment
After restarting Nginx, you can go to your domain without specifying the port number (e.g., example.com instead of example.com:5000) to see if your application is deployed successfully. If you encounter any issues, you may need to troubleshoot further or check the configuration again.
Adding a Domain Name
If you are using a service like Linode, you can add a domain name through their platform. Simply go to the domain management section and click on “Create Domain”. Enter your desired domain name and choose whether you want to insert default records from one of your nodes. After that, you can select the node you want to associate with the domain.
Registering a User
To test your deployed application, you can register a user. Fill in the required information, such as name and email, and submit the form. Once submitted, you should see a welcoming message with the registered user’s name.
Adding and Removing Goals
With the application deployed, you can now add and remove goals. Use the provided options to add a goal, remove it, or perform any other necessary tasks. This will help you verify that your application is functioning as intended.
How to Create and Connect a Domain with Namecheap Music
Setting Up Name Servers
To create and connect a domain with Namecheap Music, you need to start by setting up the name servers. This is done through your domain registrar, such as Namecheap. Here are the steps to follow:
Step 1: Log in to Your Domain Registrar
First, log in to your domain registrar account, which in this case is Namecheap.
Step 2: Find Your Domain
Find the domain you want to connect with Namecheap Music. Click on the “Manage” option next to your domain.
Step 3: Locate Name Servers
Once you’re in the domain management page, look for the section called “Name Servers.”
Step 4: Add Custom DNS
In the “Name Servers” section, choose the option to add custom DNS. You will need to enter the name servers provided by Namecheap Music.
Step 5: Enter Name Servers
Enter the name servers provided by Namecheap Music. You will need to add all five name servers: ns1, ns2, ns3, ns4, and ns5.
Step 6: Check and Propagate
After adding the name servers, save the changes and click on the “Check” button. Keep in mind that it may take up to 48 hours for the changes to propagate and take effect.
Configuring SSL
Once you have successfully connected your domain with Namecheap Music, you may want to consider configuring SSL for added security. There are two options you can choose from: purchasing an SSL certificate or using Let’s Encrypt for a free and easy solution.
Purchasing an SSL Certificate
If you prefer to purchase an SSL certificate, Namecheap Music offers a variety of options. Simply browse the available SSL certificates and choose the one that suits your needs. Once you have purchased the SSL certificate, you can install it on your website.
Using Let’s Encrypt
An alternative option is to use Let’s Encrypt, which provides free SSL certificates. Here are the commands you can use to install Let’s Encrypt:
1. Open your server’s terminal or command prompt.
2. Run the command to install Let’s Encrypt: [Insert Let’s Encrypt installation command here]
3. Follow the prompts to generate and install the SSL certificate.
4. Once the installation is complete, your website will be secured with SSL.
Using Let’s Encrypt not only provides a free SSL certificate but also simplifies the installation process.
Creating and connecting a domain with Namecheap Music is a straightforward process. By setting up the name servers correctly and considering SSL configuration, you can ensure a secure and functional website for your business or personal use.
Setting up a Server and SSL for Free
Running servers and setting up secure socket layer (SSL) can often be expensive and time-consuming. However, there are ways to run servers and create SSL certificates completely free of charge. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up a server and obtaining an SSL certificate without breaking the bank.
Basics of Server Setup
Setting up a server may seem like a complex task, but with the right guidance, you can accomplish it easily. A server is essentially a powerful computer that hosts your website or application and allows users to access it. To set up a server, follow these steps:
Choose a cloud computing provider or hosting service that suits your needs. Popular options include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.
Create an account on your chosen platform and select the appropriate server plan.
Select your server’s location, operating system, and other specifications.
Once your server is set up, you will receive an IP address and login credentials to access it via SSH (Secure Shell).
Configure your server by installing the necessary software and setting up security measures.
Obtaining an SSL Certificate
An SSL certificate is essential for securing your website and protecting user data. While SSL certificates can be costly, you can obtain them for free from Let’s Encrypt, a non-profit certificate authority. Follow these steps to get an SSL certificate:
Ensure that your server is running and accessible via a domain name.
Install Certbot, Let’s Encrypt’s certificate management tool, on your server.
Run Certbot and follow the prompts to generate and install an SSL certificate for your domain.
Configure your web server to use the SSL certificate.
Verify that your SSL certificate is properly installed by visiting your website with HTTPS (secure) protocol.
Going Beyond the Basics
While this article provides a foundation for setting up a server and obtaining an SSL certificate, there is much more to explore in the world of deployment and DevOps. Consider diving deeper into topics such as Docker and Kubernetes, which allow for containerization and scalable deployments. Additionally, explore setting up databases, either locally or using third-party services like Atlas. With these additional skills, you can enhance your server setup and take your projects to the next level.
Remember, setting up a server and obtaining an SSL certificate does not need to be an intimidating or costly task. By following the steps outlined in this article and continuing to learn and experiment, you can master the art of server deployment and DevOps without breaking the bank.
Setting up a server for deploying a MERN app may seem intimidating at first, but by following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily accomplish the task. Whether you are using Linode or another hosting provider, the process remains the same for setting up an Ubuntu server. Take advantage of the 60-day $100 credit offered by Linode and experiment with your server configurations. Remember, the key is to have complete control over your server while ensuring the smooth operation of your MERN app.
SSH key authentication provides a more secure and convenient method of authenticating to remote servers compared to traditional password authentication. By eliminating the need for passwords and relying on cryptographic keys, SSH key authentication helps to mitigate the risk of unauthorized access. Furthermore, SSH key authentication offers added convenience by simplifying the login process and enabling automation. Whether you are a system administrator managing multiple servers or an individual user concerned about security, adopting SSH key authentication is a recommended best practice.
Creating and managing users on a system is crucial for maintaining security and controlling access. By following these steps, you can easily add a new user, grant root privileges, and set up SSH keys for user login. Remember to choose strong passwords and keep SSH keys secure to protect your system from unauthorized access.
Installing Node.js on a Linux server requires a slightly different approach compared to Windows or Mac due to the absence of a GUI. By starting the SSH agent, adding the node key, and verifying the successful login process, we can securely access the server without entering a password. Furthermore, installing Node.js on the server enables us to deploy and run our files, harnessing the capabilities of this powerful JavaScript runtime environment.
Deploying an app using Git can seem daunting at first, but with the right guidance, it can be a straightforward process. By following the steps outlined in this tutorial, you have successfully cloned the app repository and set up the necessary dependencies for your goal setter app. Now, you can continue with the additional steps provided by the project to get your app up and running. Good luck with your deployment!
Deploying an application with Nginx involves checking the configuration, restarting Nginx, and verifying the deployment. Additionally, you can add a domain name and perform various actions within the deployed application. Following these steps will ensure a successful deployment and smooth running of your web application.